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Read and translate the text using a dictionary if necessary

Having looked at the key elements in the communication process, information technology is possible to point out three common communication forms or situations and explore how these elements vary from setting to setting. The first and perhaps the nearly common grade is chosen interpersonal advice. In this situation, ane person (or grouping) is interacting with another person (or grouping) without the assist of a mechanical device. The source and receiver in this class of communication are within i another�s physical presence. Talking to your roommate, participating in a class discussion, and conversing with your professor after class are all examples of interpersonal communication.

Machine-assisted interpersonal communication combines characteristics of both the interpersonal and mass communication situations. In this form, i or more people are communicating by means of a mechanical device (or devices) with 1 or more than receivers. The source and receiver may or may not exist in each other�s immediate physical presence. In fact, ane of the important characteristics of machine-assisted interpersonal communication is that it allows the source and receiver to be separated by both time and space. The machine tin can give message permanence past storing information technology on newspaper, magnetic tape, or some other material. The motorcar can as well extend the range of the message past amplifying information technology and or transmitting it over big distances. Without a microphone, one person tin can talk only to those who can hear the unaided human being vocalization; with a public address system, assembled thousands tin can hear. The telephone allows two people to converse fifty-fifty though they are hundreds, even thousands of miles apart. A pen and a piece of newspaper, which make upwards what we might consider a very simple machine, permit us to ship a message over great distances and beyond time/ A letter tin be reread several years later it was written and communicate afresh.

The recent advent of new personal advice media ensures that machine-assisted interpersonal advice will go on to grow. The two innovations that have had the most bear upon are the facsimile (fax) machine and computerized data bases.

Facsimile transmission is an old idea, start invented in the 1840s. Information technology wasn�t until the tardily 1980s, however, that it defenseless on, cheers to the development of low cost fax machines that used the telephone lines to transmit documents.

From the standpoint of automobile-assisted interpersonal communication, the computer bulletin lath system (Bulletin board system) is the nigh intriguing. The BBS works a little similar a telephone conference call but you type instead of talk. Once you enter the system, or become �online�, you may post a massage for all to see it, if you are the shy type, you may merely read what others are saying.

The 3rd major communication setting is the 1 that we volition be most interested in. Although the differences betwixt machine-assisted communication and unaided interpersonal communication are fairly hands seen, the differences between car-assisted interpersonal communication and mass communication are non that articulate. A working definition of what nosotros mean by mass communicationmay be appropriate at this point. Mass advice refers to the process by which a circuitous organization with the aid of one or more than machines produces and transmits public messages that are directed at large, heterogeneous, and scattered audiences.

The source in the mass advice state of affairs is a group of individuals who usually act inside predetermined roles in an organizational setting. Reporters assemble news; writers draft editorials; a cartoonist may draw an editorial cartoon; the advertising department lays out ads; editors lay out all of these things together on a sample page; technicians transfer this folio to a main, which is taken to a printing where other technicians produce the final paper; the finished copies are given to the delivery staff who distribute them; and, of grade, behind all of this is a publisher who has the coin to pay for a building, presses, staff, trucks, newspaper, ink, and so on. As y'all can see, this item paper is not the product of a single private but of an organisation.

One of the prime distinguishing characteristics of mass communication is the audition. In the get-go identify, the mass advice audience is a large one, sometimes numbering in the millions of people. Second, the audience is also heterogeneous; that is, it is fabricated upwards of several dissimilar groups who may differ in age intelligence, political behavior, ethnic backgrounds, and and then on. Even in situations where the mass communication audience is somewhat well defined, heterogeneity is still present. Third, the audience is spread out over a wide geographic expanse; source and receiver are not in each other'south immediate physical presence. The large size of the audience and its geographic separation both contribute to a fourth distinguishing cistron. The audition is anonymous to 1 another. Lastly, in keeping with the thought of a public message, the audition in mass advice is self-defined. The receiver chooses what film to see, what paper to read, and what program to watch. In the interpersonal and car-assisted settings, sources may search you out and select you as the receiver of the bulletin, but in mass communication, the receiver is the key to the process. If the receiver chooses not to attend to the message, the message is not received. Consequently, the various mass advice sources spend a great deal of fourth dimension and effort to become your attention so that y'all will include yourself in the audition.

Ex. ane. Answer the following questions:

1. How many forms are there in the communication process?

two. What are the advantages of machine-assisted interpersonal communication?

3. When was facsimile transmission first invented and when did it come to exist used?

4. What is a working definition of mass communication?

5. How is a newspaper put together?

6. What is special about mass communication audience?

Ex. 2. Give Russian equivalents to these expressions:

interpersonal communication	physical presence
shy type	unaided human vox
public accost arrangement	assembled thousands
distinguishing characteristics	predetermined roles
computerized data bases	contempo appearance
political behavior

Ex.iii Requite English equivalents to these expressions:

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Ex4. Match the words with their definitions:

1.	Setting	A	Watching/listening carefully
ii.	Stand point	B	Something such every bit a automobile or tool that helps someone exercise something
3.	Editorial	C	A funny drawing in a paper ofttimes including humorous remarks about news events
iv.	Cartoon	D	All the things that environs someone or something at a detail time, including the events that happen, their environment or the people they are with
5.	Audience	Due east	A way of thinking most people, situations, ideas, etc; point of view
half-dozen.	Belief	F	Number of things which are all different but of the same general blazon
7.	Heterogeneous	G	A group of people who watch and listen to someone speaking or performing in public
8.	Attention	H	A piece of writing in a newspaper that gives the editor�southward opinion about something, rather than reporting facts
9.	Range	I	The feeling that something is practiced and can be trusted
ten.	Aid	J	Consisting of parts or numbers that are very different from each other

Ex.5. Insert the words and phrases given into the sentences. Interpret sentences into Russian:

Innovation let instead of scattered impact produ�e audition converse separation transmit heterogeneous

1. The two __________ that have had the most _________ are the facsimile automobile and computerized information bases.

2. The telephone _________ two people _______ even though they are hundreds fifty-fifty thousands of miles apart.

iii. The Bulletin board system works a piffling like a telephone conference call but yous type_____ talk.

4. Mass advice refers to the process past which a complex system with the help of one or more machines_____ and_____ public messages that are directed at big ___and___ audiences.

5. 1 of the prime distinguishing characteristics of mass communication is ___.

6. The big size of the audience and its geographic___ both contribute to a fourth distinguishing factor.

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